Found a bug in Odoo? Report it, or propose a fix
Odoo is open source, so when you find a bug you can also pin down the code that causes it.
Quartile's OSS activities include "reporting and fixing bugs in Odoo itself", and here is a concrete example of that.
Finding the bug
Tax configuration (menu Invoicing > Configuration > Taxes) is where you set, for each tax, the accounts used for the tax journal entries posted automatically. In version 13.0 the wrong account is set for consumption tax paid.
The problem) Four consumption-tax-paid accounts have the wrong account set.

Bad example) Consumption tax paid should have "A118090 Consumption Tax Paid" set, but "A118070 Deposits and Guarantees" is set instead.

For comparison, a good example) Here it is set correctly, with account "A218090 Consumption Tax Received" properly set against consumption tax received.

Checking whether it really is a bug
We check the relevant part of the code specifically.
Where it is not a problem in Odoo's standard code but
a problem in an OCA module we are using, we report it to that OCA module, or propose a fix there.
For this bug, the relevant place is around the following line of the following file.
odoo/addons/l10n_jp/data/account_tax_template_data.xml
Checking how far back the bug goes
Odoo generally updates its major version once a year.
We check the commit history on GitHub to see how far back the bug goes, and open a pull request proposing the fix against the version where it first appeared.
※ Once a pull request against the version where the bug first appeared is merged, the fix carries into the later supported versions too.
Working out and verifying the fix
We fix the source code and verify it.
Submitting the fix to Odoo
Odoo's GitHub repository is where we create issues and submit proposed fixes.
The proposed fix for this bug is this pull request on GitHub.
※ An explanation of how to open issues and pull requests is in this document.
※ When opening a pull request against Odoo's repository you need to sign the "Odoo Contributor License Agreement (CLA)". See below for how to sign.
Merged into Odoo itself
As of 23 December 2021 it has not been merged yet, but once Odoo reviews it and the pull request is merged, everyone else using Odoo will be able to work with the fixed version.
Found a bug in Odoo? (An example fix proposal - consumption tax account assignment)